May 30, 2012 By
Dale McGeehon A polymer gel created by researchers at the
University of Michigan’s College of Engineering provides a culture to develop
human stem cells that is free from biological contaminants unlike commonly used
cultures that often contain animal cells and proteins. About
five years ago, scientists discovered that human specialized cells could be
reprogrammed to behave like a more primitive stem cell that could, in turn,
develop into any type of specialized cells that a patient may need, such as
those for organs, nerves, skin, and bone. But before those stem cells could be
used to make repairs in the body, they had to be grown in a culture with a gel
that was expensive and whose contents varied. “You don’t really know what’s in there,” says Joerg Lahann, an associate
professor of chemical engineering and biomedical engineering, in a press
release from the university. For example, human stem cells could be grown over
mouse cells and therefore produce some mouse proteins that could prompt a human
patient’s immune system to attack them. So Lahann and his colleagues solved that
problem by designing a polymer gel, controlling its ingredients and how they
combine. “It’s basically the ease of a plastic dish,” he says. “There is no
biological contamination that could potentially influence your human stem
cells.” Lahann and his colleagues had shown that the
surfaces could grow embryonic stem cells. He took the next step by
collaborating with Paul Krebsbach, a professor of biological and materials
sciences in the university’s School
of Dentistry , to show
that the polymer gel also could grow induced stem cells, which are more
medically promising, keeping them in their potential state. The team turned the
embryonic stem cells into fat, cartilage, and bone cells. Next,
they tested to see whether these cells could help repair the body. They placed
human bone cells into five-millimeter holes in the skulls of mice. After eight
weeks, the mice that had received the bone cells had 4.2 times as much new bone
and early formations of marrow cavities. The mice’s immune system did not attack
the human bone cells that grew in the holes. “The concept is not specific to bone,” says Krebsback. “If we truly
develop ways to grow these cells without mouse or animal products, eventually
other scientists around the world could generate their tissue of interest.” In its
next phase of research, Lahann’s team wants to use their polymer gel to grow
stem cells and specialized cells in different physical shapes, such as a
bone-like structure or a nerve-like microfiber. A paper explaining this research,
titled “Derivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent
Stem Cells Cultured on Synthetic Substrates,” appears in Stem Cells.
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