Published
on July 3, 2012 A study conducted at Boston
University School of Medicine (BUSM) demonstrates an effective combination therapy
for breast cancer cells in vitro. The findings, published in the July 2012
issue of Anticancer Research, raise the possibility of using this type of
combination therapy for different forms of breast cancer, including those that
develop resistance to chemotherapy and other treatments. The study was led by researchers at the Boston University
Cancer Center .
Sibaji Sarkar, PhD, adjunct instructor of medicine at BUSM, is the study's
corresponding author. According to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, breast cancer is the most common
cancer among women in the United
States aside from non-melanoma skin cancer.
Breast cancer also is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women of
all races and Hispanic origin populations.
Triple negative breast cancer, which accounts for approximately 14 to 20
percent of all breast cancer cases, is a type of the disease that occurs when
the cancer cells lack hormone receptors, including the receptor called HER-2,
and typically will not respond to hormone and herceptin-based therapies. Triple
negative breast cancer occurs more often in African-American women and is
considered to be a more aggressive form of the disease with higher rates of
recurrence and mortality than other forms of breast cancer. "Cancer is like a car without brakes.
Cell growth speeds up and it doesn't stop," said Sarkar. "When
expressed, tumor suppressor genes, which work in a protective way to limit
tumor growth, function as the brakes. They are not expressed in most cancers,
causing the cancer to grow and potentially metastasize." A major focus in the area of anti-cancer drug
development is to find a way to re-express tumor suppressor genes so that they
can help inhibit cancer cell growth. Some tumor suppressor genes are imprinted,
meaning that from the two genes inherited from the mother and father, only one
of the genes is functional. In cancer, both imprinted tumor suppressor genes
may become non-functional and unable to stop tumor growth. The researchers tested, in vitro, a combination
therapy of an epigenetic drug with a protease inhibitor on breast cancer cell
lines that are hormone responsive and breast cancer lines, like triple
negative, that are not hormone responsive. They utilized histone deacetylases
inhibitors (HDACi) and calpeptin, which inhibits calpain, a protein involved in
the regulation of signaling proteins. Calpain inhibition is being studied as a
potential treatment model for blood clots and other neurological diseases.
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