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Tuesday, February 16, 2016

治療Rett syndrome(雷特氏症) 曙光: MeCP2 SUMOylation

雷特氏症揭密 關鍵作用發現2016-02-16 〔記者吳亮儀/台北報導〕雷特氏症是一種罕見的複雜性神經失調症,它是僅次於唐氏症,女嬰第二常發生的先天性神經發展疾病;中研院實驗團隊研究發現,若增強大腦中一種名為MECP2蛋白的特定後轉譯修飾作用,可以挽救因雷特氏症所導致的社交、記憶和腦神經細胞缺陷。

可望挽救社交、記憶缺陷 一九六六年,雷特氏症由奧地利籍的雷特醫師(Andreas Rett)發現因此得名,美國演員茱莉亞羅勃茲曾主演紀錄片《沉默的天使》就是在講雷特氏症的故事,它會使孩童在一歲半時身心快速退化、出現扭手、搓手,並伴隨語言障礙、學習和記憶能力衰退、情緒失調嚴重的身心症狀,目前無法治癒。 雷特氏症以一.二萬分之一的機率好發於小女孩,男孩則多早夭,醫學界已經知道雷特氏症是X染色體上MECP2基因突變所造成,但僅能以藥物控制。 中研院生物醫學研究所研究團隊發現,在大腦內的MECP2蛋白會發生「類小泛素化」這種後轉譯修飾現象,這現象可以被神經細胞的活化所誘發。研究團隊用基因轉殖小老鼠實驗,確認了若增加小鼠的腦中MECP2蛋白的類小泛素化,可成功挽救其社交、記憶和神經突觸可塑性的缺陷。這項研究成果本月三日刊登在國際重要期刊《自然通訊》(Nature Communications)。 生醫所特聘研究員李小媛指出,研究也證實「第一型類胰島素生長因子」和「促腎上腺皮質素釋放因子」都會增加MECP2在腦中的類小泛素修飾,未來可能可以為治療雷特氏症的方式增加一些契機。 台大醫院小兒神經科主任李旺祚說,目前台大的雷特氏症門診約有卅多名患者,從三歲到卅歲都有,他認為依好發機率來看,台灣應有超過千名患者,但可能父母沒意識到小孩是雷特氏症,建議若有類似症狀,可做基因檢測確認。台灣雷特氏症病友關懷協會人員說,目前有八十名病友加入,協會為他們和家庭提供協助。

MeCP2 SUMOylation rescues Mecp2-mutant-induced behavioural deficits in a mouse model of Rett syndrome  Nature Communications 7, Article number: 10552  The methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) gene, MECP2, is an X-linked gene encoding    the MeCP2 protein, and mutations of MECP2 cause Rett syndrome (RTT). However, the molecular mechanism of MECP2-mutation-caused RTT is less known. Here we find that MeCP2 could be SUMO-modified by the E3 ligase PIAS1 at Lys-412. MeCP2 phosphorylation (at Ser-421 and Thr-308) facilitates MeCP2 SUMOylation, and MeCP2 SUMOylation is induced by NMDA, IGF-1 and CRF in the rat brain. MeCP2 SUMOylation releases CREB from the repressor complex and enhances Bdnf mRNA expression. Several MECP2 mutations identified in RTT patients show decreased MeCP2 SUMOylation. Re-expression of wild-type MeCP2 or SUMO-modified MeCP2 in Mecp2-null neurons rescues the deficits of social interaction, fear memory and LTP observed in Mecp2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. These results together reveal an important role of MeCP2 SUMOylation in social interaction, memory and synaptic plasticity, and that abnormal MeCP2 SUMOylation is implicated in RTT.

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