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Thursday, March 22, 2018

單醣胖 多醣讚; 醫用植物來源利基多: Dendrobium candidum Polysaccharide Enriched Glycopid Lyophilized (Dendrobium-PEG-Lyophilized 蘭岐醣) corneal上皮細胞修復與血糖調控


講座/糖尿病正確用藥 優活健康網317 糖尿病患者若未按時服藥或擅自中斷服藥,恐怕上急診掛病號。有些病人誤以為多吃一顆藥,壓低血糖就能開心大吃大喝,卻不知糖尿病用藥有安全劑量範圍,一旦藥物過量,可能出現致命的低血糖反應。有鑑於此,雙和醫院將於3/22(四)舉辦生活保健講座,由藥師彭雯琳主講「正確用藥觀念-糖尿病病人」。歡迎糖尿病友或親友們參與,講座內容豐富,歡迎踴躍參加。(活動內容、時間、地點辦法等以主辦單位最新訊息為準,因此參加本活動前請先洽詢主辦單位再做確認,以免臨時異動或取消。)名稱:正確用藥觀念-糖尿病病人時間:107322日(四)上午10001030地點:雙和醫院第一醫療大樓二樓門診9診候診處(糖尿病衛教室候診處)洽詢:02-2249-0088

醣/糖分不清?糖無所不在 這項最「地雷」 2018-02-25聯合報 記者張芮瑜/報導過去,專家一直強調鹽攝取過量對身體的壞處;近幾年,科學家開始注意到精製糖對人體健康的威脅。從心臟、代謝到皮膚老化,精製糖的危害無所不在,偏偏很多人抗拒不了甜蜜的誘惑,開年健康第一件事,一起來戒糖,擺脫甜蜜的小魔鬼。你分得清楚「醣」和「糖」嗎?糖果餅乾甜點裡含有「糖」分,人類身體與大腦運作所需的是葡萄「糖」,但天然食材裡富含的則大多是「醣」。市面上含糖食物百百種,常說吃糖會發胖,但低血糖時,一包白糖卻能救人一命。哪些對身體好,哪些又是百害無一利,讓營養師來告訴你。在羅東博愛醫院執業將近20年的營養師、營養科組長吳得束提出簡單的區分方法:吃起來直接感覺甜味存在的就泛稱「糖」,至於「醣」則是所有多醣類食物的通稱,也稱為碳水化合物,米飯、麵條屬之,全穀根莖類的地瓜、山藥、馬鈴薯也入列。醣類是食物營養成分裡很重要的產熱量來源,舉凡大腦、器官、身體代謝都需要消耗由醣轉換成的葡萄糖,才能運作。但「糖」則是空熱量食品,沒有營養素,純提供熱量,提供的是攝取者的喜好性,不提供營養需求。

正視糖威脅 WHO下修攝取量 根據世界衛生組織(WHO)建議,每位成年人每天熱量攝取約2000大卡,其中精製糖熱量以不超過每日總熱量攝取的10%為限,換算糖量不可超過50公克。但自2014年起,WHO更加正視糖的威脅,將數值下修為≦5%,換算為25公克。「精製糖營養成分微乎其微,但過量的糖,卻會增加罹患心血管疾病、糖尿病、代謝症候群的風險。」吳得束說,過量的精製糖攝取也是導致這些慢性病盛行率往上攀升的原因之一。

精煉程度愈高 營養價值愈低 醣類依據分子結構,更可區分為單醣、雙醣、寡糖、多醣類;糖類則依加工程度,分為精製糖和天然糖。糖由甜菜、甘蔗萃取出來加工而成,顏色愈白、精煉程度愈高,如冰糖、白砂糖、黃砂糖,蔗糖含量高達99%以上;反之顏色愈深則精煉程度愈低,卻也能保有其原有的營養價值,如黑糖的鐵質、鈣質含量高。天然果糖:天然糖類中的果糖,存在水果裡,作為甜味的替代,產生的熱量約只有精製糖的一半,以健康角度來看,可以適度取代精製糖類,但仍需注意需節制、適量。吳得束解釋,一般糖1公克產生4大卡熱量,果糖則是2.9大卡。楓糖和蜂蜜:這兩種糖,和果糖一樣屬於大自然裡的甜味劑,一公克產生的熱量僅2.5大卡,比精製糖更具營養價值,怕胖、怕高血糖者建議可用天然糖作為替代糖。海藻糖:市面上強調養生健康的海藻糖又是什麼?根據研究,海藻糖廣泛存在於自然界中許多可食用動植物及微生物體內,除了海藻類外,蘑菇類、豆類、啤酒及酵母等發酵食品中都有含量較高的海藻糖。吳得束表示,海藻糖有微量礦物質和維生素,添加在食物中可以保濕、增加Q度口感,比起一般精製糖,更建議食用,但歸屬糖類,攝取過多對血糖還是有影響。寡糖:存在於香蕉、洋蔥內的寡糖,是少數被推薦的「好糖」,不只低熱量、一公克僅0-2.5大卡,可以提供腸道有益菌所需養分,使比菲德氏菌長得好,進而抑制有害菌的生長,達到人體腸內的健康。且寡糖不像蔗糖,會被口腔細菌利用造成齲齒,好處大於壞處。糖與醣常讓人混淆,但總結來說,選擇天然的醣,轉換作為身體能量來源,營養成效優於糖。若還是戒不了「糖」,選擇精緻程度較低的黑糖,把白糖當成最後選擇,並力行總量控制。

糖無所不在 果汁最「地雷」 平常食物裡面充斥著精製糖,舉凡早餐店保久乳、豆漿、紅茶、奶茶,甚至看似健康的果汁、優酪乳都有糖添加,其中尤以果汁最「地雷」,若沒有標示100%純天然果汁,一定含有額外添加的精製糖。要真的每天零糖攝取、徹底根除並不容易,吳得束建議,漸進性減糖,可以先從身邊開始,「不要在家裡擺含糖飲料、不要養成隨手攝取含糖飲品習慣」,把有糖和無糖飲食互相搭配,多了健康又可兼顧口感。吳得束建議,購買零食前,學會認識「營養標示」,就像食品的身分證,每一份食品所含的熱量、脂肪、蛋白質含量寫得清清楚楚,糖類一般會標示在碳水化合物類別的下方。

百壞有一好 低血糖危急時 糖能救命 吳得束說,精製糖雖然沒有營養成分,但有時卻是低血糖患者的救命良方。若在醫院會注射葡萄糖,人體直接吸收,能迅速讓血糖回歸正常值;但若在家或在外,一包15公克的白糖溶於溫開水、含於口中,也能讓血糖回升。

Chronic hyperglycemia is considered the critical issue long term health management since the diabetic eye complications, retinopathy and lens opacity. It was reported that  about 47% to 70% patients with the diabetes would suffer from corneal abnormalities and the primary symptoms were characterized by the decrease of corneal sensitivity, edema and thickening of cornea, and so on. After receiving the eye surgery or corneal injuries, it represented the repair delay of corneal epithelium, corneal epithelial erosions, corneal ulcers, and so on, and eventually would lead to corneal perforation or blindness. The traditional medicine used orchid, dendrobium candidum with  pharmacological effects of enhancing the immunity, resisting again the oxidation, regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism, controlling blood pressure, and inhibiting the bacteria. It is clinically used for the adjuvant therapy of hypertension, xerostomia, diabetes. Orchid polysaccharides have been reported to be capable of enhancing liver resistance against CCl4 toxicity and the crude polysaccharides could protect the liver from CCl4 hepatotoxicity. It was attributed to the protective effects of polysaccharides on CCl4-induced liver injury were mainly due to the antioxidative properties of the polysaccharides. Polysaccharide Enriched Glycopid Lyophilized dendrobium candidum was formulated to evaluate the potency of relief diabetic eye complications. Certain hypoglycemic effects were demonstrated such as inhibit the gluconeogenesis and regulate the secretion of islet cells and regeneration and healing of pancreatic β cells; In addition, antioxidant effect was noted: inhibit glucose and lipid peroxidation, and protect islet cells and vascular endothelial cells from the damage. Some studies revealed that improve the insulin resistance by improve the sensitivity of target organs such as liver, skeletal muscle on the insulin, and effectively balance the glucose and lipid metabolism using the insulin. The protective effect on the umbilical vein endothelial cells under the high-glucose action was also demonstrated.

 

References:

1: Effect of polysaccharide of dendrobium candidum on proliferation and apoptosis of human corneal epithelial cells in high glucose

Medicine. 2017 Aug; 96(32)

2: A polysaccharide from Dendrobium huoshanense prevents hepatic inflammatory response caused by carbon tetrachloride. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2015 Jan 2; 29(1): 132–138.

 


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