Protective effect of allicin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Sep 18. In this study, the modulator effect of allicin on the oxidative nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in the kidneys of rats was investigated by determining indices of lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as by histological analyses. Furthermore, the effect of allicin on gentamicin induced hypersensitivity of urinary bladder rings to ACh was estimated. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups, control, gentamicin (100mg/kg, i.p.) and gentamicin+allicin (50mg/kg, orally). At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed and then urine, blood samples and kidneys were taken. Gentamicin administration caused a severe nephrotoxicity as evidenced by an elevated kidney/body weight ratio, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and proteinuria with a reduction in serum albumin and creatinine clearance as compared with control group. In addition, a significant increase in renal contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NOx) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concomitantly with a significant decrease in renal reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was detected upon gentamicin injection. Exposure to gentamicin increased the sensitivity of isolated urinary bladder rings to ACh and induced acute renal tubular epithelial cells necrosis. Administration of allicin significantly decreased kidney/body weight ratio, serum creatinine, LDH, renal MDA, MPO, NOx and TNF-α while it significantly increased creatinine clearance, renal GSH content and renal SOD activity when compared to gentamicin-treated group. Additionally, allicin significantly reduced the responses of isolated bladder rings to ACh and ameliorated tissue morphology as evidenced by histological evaluation. Our study indicates that allicin exerted protection against structural and functional damage induced by gentamicin possibly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in addition to its ability to retaining nitric oxide level.
Protective effects of allicin against ischemic stroke in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Sep;12(3):3734-8 Allicin, a molecule predominantly responsible for the pungent odor and the antibiotic function of garlic, exhibits various pharmacological activities and has been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of various disorders. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of allicin in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Rats were subjected to 1.5 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Rats were randomly assigned to the sham surgery group, the MCAO group and the MCAO + allicin group. Neurological score, cerebral infarct size, brain water content, neuronal apoptosis, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. The results suggested that allicin reduced cerebral infarction area, brain water content, neuronal apoptosis, TNF‑α levels and MPO activity in the serum. The results of the present study indicated that allicin protects the brain from cerebral I/R injury, which may be ascribed to its anti‑apoptotic and anti‑inflammatory effects.
Allicin in garlic protects against coronary endothelial dysfunction and right heart hypertrophy in pulmonary hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Nov;291(5) We recently reported that coronary endothelial cell (CEC) dysfunction may contribute to the development of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy (RVH) in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. This present study investigated whether preservation of CEC function with garlic and its active metabolite allicin could abrogate RVH. Rats were fed with 1% raw garlic (RG)-supplemented diet 1 day or 3 wk before and 1 day after MCT injection, and changes in RV pressure (RVP), RVH, and CEC function were assessed 3 wk after MCT administration. In all cases, RG feeding significantly inhibited the development of RVP and RVH in these MCT rats. However, similar treatments with either boiled garlic (BG) or aged garlic (AG), which do not contain the active allicin metabolite, were ineffective. CEC function, assessed with acetylcholine-induced dilation as well as N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-induced constriction, revealed marked attenuation in right, but not left, coronary arteries of the MCT rats. This is consistent with our earlier report. Feeding of RG, but not BG or AG, preserved the CEC function and prevented the exaggerated vasoconstrictory responses of the MCT coronary arteries. There was no change in the coronary dilatory responses to a nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside. Further testings of vasoactivity to garlic extracts showed that only RG, but not BG or AG, elicited a potent, dose-dependent dilation on the isolated coronaries. Taken together, these findings show that the protective effect of garlic against the development of RVP and RVH in MCT-treated rats is probably mediated via its active metabolite allicin action on coronary endothelial function and vasoreactivity.
又一個食材的奇蹟！它能防癌抗癌，是防治三高的能手，黑蒜功能大揭秘！ 2015-10-21 02:14 PM [紐約時間] 黑蒜又名黑大蒜、發酵黑蒜、黑蒜頭，是用新鮮的生蒜，帶皮放在高溫高濕的發酵箱裡發酵60~90天，讓其自然發酵製成的食品，它在保留生大蒜原有成份，對增強人體免疫力、恢復人體疲勞，保持人體健康起到巨大積極作用，而且味道酸甜，食後無蒜味，不上火，是速效性的保健食品。 檢驗機構檢測報告顯示：鮮大蒜每100g含水分63.8g、糖7.2g、蛋白質5.2g、脂肪10.2g、鈣10mg、磷12.5mg、鐵1.3mg、維生素B 10.29mg、維生素B20，尼克酸0.8mg、維生素C7mg，此外還含有鎂及其他微量元素等，這些都是人體不可缺少的營養成。而黑蒜每100g含水分43.6g、鈣13mg、鎂52mg、鐵2.1mg、鈉36mg、鉀930mg、鋅1.4mg維生素B6 10.726mg、維生素B2 0.126mg、煙酸10.048mg等，由此可以看出，黑蒜比大蒜的水分、脂肪等有顯著的降低，微量元素有顯著提高，而蛋白質、糖分、維生素等則至少為大蒜的2倍以上，因此，黑蒜具有豐富的人體必需同時可以提高機能的營養成分。那麼黑蒜的功效與作用有哪些呢？
防治三高 這是黑蒜最為顯著的作用。科學家給黑蒜的另一個外號：「血管清道夫」，研究人員發現長期吃黑蒜的人血管內壁里的沉積比不吃黑蒜的人要輕得多。另外，營養成分中食物纖維可以整合膽固醇，從而抑制機體對膽固醇的吸收，可防治高膽固醇血症和動脈粥樣硬化等心血管疾病。微量元素硒可以保護心血管和心肌的健康。
防癌抗癌 黑蒜能從多方面阻斷亞硝胺在胃部的形成和累積，其含有的鍺元素是強抗癌礦物質，可以抑制和殺傷癌細胞，起到防癌抗癌的作用。鍺元素的抗氧化能力很高，可以預防細胞過度氧化，保護細胞膜增強免疫力，抑制癌變。黑蒜中的食物纖維吸水促進腸道蠕動，吸附腸道內的致癌物質，能減少直腸癌的發病率。黑蒜能夠阻斷「致癌物質」亞硝胺的合成，抑制癌細胞生長，對「癌細胞」有殺傷作用。「阿藿烯」（二烯丙基硫代磺酸酯）且具化學穩定性，對多種腫瘤細胞尤其是對白血病細胞的生長抑制作用顯著。
保護肝臟 黑蒜有較強的抗氧化活性，能抑制脂質過過氧化酶對肝細胞膜機構的損傷而保護肝臟，研究人員通過研究指出，黑蒜中蒜氨酸及S-丙烯基半胱氨酸和S-甲硫基半胱氨酸，對由CC14與半乳糖胺誘發的肝細胞損傷呈現出良好的抗肝毒活性，另外黑蒜能增強肝細胞內谷胱甘肽S-轉移酶的活性，提高肝臟的解毒功能。
增強免疫力 實驗表明，黑蒜中的脂溶性髮油能顯著提高巨噬細胞的吞噬機能，有增強免疫系統的作用，大蒜素具有活化細胞膜的功能，能提高其滲透性，使細胞的新陳代謝加強，活力提高，機體免疫力隨之加強。
美容養顏 人體衰老的實質就是抗氧化，而黑蒜的抗衰老，抗氧化能力是普通大蒜的39倍，其中的S-丙烯基半胱氨酸成分具有水溶性的，可以很快被人體大腸吸收，能很好的起到美容養顏，延緩衰老的效果。
降脂瘦身 黑蒜能促進新陳代謝，促進消脂瘦身，且能將糖轉化為能量，從而降糖瘦脂，同時黑蒜能清理血管沉積，阻礙酶參與脂肪酸和膽固醇的合成，另外其含有的豐富氨基酸能夠促進胃腸道菌群的平衡，從而抑制肥胖。
強力殺菌排毒 黑蒜中含硫化合物具有奇強的抗菌消炎作用，強化肝臟功能將重金屬排除體外，對多種球菌、桿菌、真菌和病毒等均有抑制和殺滅作用，是目前發現的天然植物中抗菌作用最強的一種，大蒜殺菌功效在2次世界大戰得到了充分的發揮。
預防感冒 大蒜中含有一種叫「硫化丙烯」的辣素，對病原菌和寄生蟲都有良好的殺滅作用，可預防感冒，減輕發燒、咳嗽、喉痛及鼻塞等感冒癥狀。
排毒清腸，預防腸胃疾病 黑蒜可有效抑制和殺死引起腸胃疾病的幽門螺桿菌等細菌病毒，清除腸胃有毒物質，成年人每天食用2-3瓣黑蒜，胃腸不好的每天食用一瓣即可，堅持食用會改善胃腸粘膜，促進食慾，加速消化，提高機體的免疫功能。
旺盛精力，抗疲勞 發酵的黑蒜中蒜氨酸（Allicin）與維他命B1結合後形成蒜氨酸裂解酶可有效補充腎臟所需物質，改善因腎氣不足而引發的渾身無力癥狀，恢復疲勞，黑蒜的主成分鋅比其他食物比含量最高，並可促進男性精子的生成，使精子數量大增。
降低血糖，預防糖尿病 黑蒜可促進胰島素的分泌，增加組織細胞對葡萄糖的吸收，提高人體葡萄糖耐量，延緩血糖升速，有利於血糖控制。從而有效預防和治療糖尿病。
促進毛髮增長 黑蒜中含有的揮髮油可加速血液流向「皮脂腺」（sebaceous gland）和「毛囊」的速度，從而促進毛髮的生長，對禿頭亦有治療作用。
健腦益智 「黑蒜」中的成分和人體內的維他命-B1結合能產生「蒜胺」，這種「蒜胺」能促進和發揮維他命-B1的作用，增強碳水化合物氧化功能，為大腦細胞提供足夠的能量，使思維敏捷。
助預防中風 每日或經常食用黑蒜，可幫助預防中風。著名中醫師表示，在飲食方面，預防中風等心腦血管疾病，宜以清淡、少油膩、易消化的食物膳食為主，一般是以低鹽、低脂、低澱粉、低膽固醇、高纖維素與高礦物質為原則，而這些都可以從黑蒜中攝取。黑蒜中含有豐富的維生素C，而血液中維生素C濃度的高低與腦中風密切相關，濃度越高，腦中風的發病危險就越低。此外，維生素C還是一種有效的抗氧化劑，能夠清除體內自由基。而自由基增多，就會增加患心臟病和腦中風的風險。其次，黑蒜中富含膳食纖維，可起到抑制總膽固醇濃度升高，從而防止動脈硬化、預防心血管疾病及腦中風的功效。
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