(保留卵巢與復發&疼痛取捨) Endometriosis巧克力囊腫/子宮內膜異位瘤

開刀切「巧克力囊腫」卻不孕？醫：卵巢功能恐越開越糟糕 時間： 2017/02/22 21:29 文／蔡鋒博 一位31歲婦女帶著前後2張巧克力囊腫的手術紀錄來給我，她先開傳統「剖腹」，一年後巧克力囊腫復發，於是她又開了「腹腔鏡」手術，沒想到三年後又復發，此時她已結婚4年，也不孕4年，檢查發現她「輸卵管不通、卵巢功能接近停經、AMH（抗穆氏荷爾蒙）才只剩0.38㎎/mL」。要我為她做試管嬰兒，但才取到一顆卵子，可惜沒有懷孕成功。一項整合分析研究結果顯示，切除巧克力囊腫可能對卵巢功能有相當程度的負面影響。該研究發現是根據一項評估卵巢功能的替代指標，還不是很確定，但仍不應忽視其結果，尤其是對於那些未來仍計劃生育的年輕患者。英國諾丁翰大學Dr. Raffi拉芙醫師和同僚們指出囊腫切除術尤其常涉及正常卵巢組織，可能會造成濾泡的損失和後續卵巢殘存量減少。他們整合近來8個類似議題的研究，共237位施行巧克力囊腫切除術的婦女，除其中一個研究以外，皆以腹腔鏡方式施行，6個研究是施行單側切除，2個研究是雙側切除。作者主要依據血清抗穆勒氏赫爾蒙濃度（AMH, anti-Mullerian hormone）來作評估，他們承認該指標僅能對卵巢殘存量提供粗略的估計，但目前尚無方式可直接測量岀真實卵巢殘存量。而依據研究結果顯，手術前之加權總平均AMH值為3.0 ng/mL，而術後明顯下降了1.13 ng/mL，約降低38%。Dr. Raffi拉芙醫師表示他們還不知道以上的現象是否會隨著時間恢復，但經過術後6至9個月的分組分析顯示，AMH值仍維持下降，但因各研究間存在相當大的差異，作者對此結果仍存疑。作者表示目前他們還沒發現有研究探討分離手術對於AMH的影響，未來應進一步探討此普遍的治療方式可能造成的影響。而電漿剝離法相較於切除術，可保留較大範圍的卵巢組織。總之，作者認為在得到確定結論之前，需進行更高品質、無偏差的研究。資料來源：彰化市博元婦產科院長蔡鋒博 （連續5年榮登世界名醫錄彰化博元婦產科院長，曾任職林口長庚婦產部生殖內分泌主治醫師，從事不孕症醫學治療已20餘年。）

Recurrence of endometriosis after hysterectomy/ Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2014; 6(4): 219–227.Aim: Persistent or recurrent pain after hysterectomy is one of the most frustrating clinical scenarios in benign gynaecology. We attempt to review the current evidence regarding the recurrence of pelvic pain after hysterectomy for endometriosis. The impact of ovarian conservation, type of hysterectomy and the extent of surgical excision were analysed. Methods: Peer reviewed published manuscripts in the English language in the period between 1980 and 2014 were reviewed using Pubmed and science direct regarding the incidence, causes and recurrence of endometriosis. Results: Sixty-seven articles were identified. Incomplete excision of endometriosis is the most predominant reason in the literature for the recurrence of endometriosis, and the type of Hysterectomy affects the recurrent symptoms mainly by impacting the extent of excision of the lesion. Ovarian cyst drainage is associated with the highest rate of ovarian cyst reformation within three to six months after surgery. The use of hormone replacement therapy is associated with recurrence of pelvic pain in 3.5% of cases. No studies addressed the recurrence of endometriosis after standard vs robotic assisted hysterectomy. Conclusion: A high recurrence rate of 62% is reported in advanced stages of endometriosis in which the ovaries were conserved. Ovarian conservation carries a 6 fold risk of recurrent pain and 8 folds risk of reoperation. The decision has to be weighed taking into consideration the patient's age and the impact of early menopause on her life style. The recurrence of endometriosis symptoms and pelvic pain are directly correlated to the surgical precision and removal of peritoneal and deeply infiltrated disease. Surgical effort should always aim to eradicate the endometriotic lesions completely to keep the risk of recurrence as low as possible.