Thursday, August 24, 2017

台大發表 新生兒spinal muscular atrophy (SMA脊髓型肌肉萎縮症): 12萬名中8名確診


篩檢新生兒脊髓型肌肉萎縮症 台大研究創全球首例 2017-08-23 13:13聯合報 記者劉嘉韻╱即時報導 脊髓型肌肉萎縮症是因基因缺陷造成神經元細胞壞死,患者可能出現肌肉無力、四肢無法動,甚至無法自主呼吸的狀況,也是新生兒常見的致死性遺傳疾病之一,最嚴重的患者在出生不久後因肌力下降,進食、吞嚥困難,通常活不過1歲。台大醫院新生兒篩檢中心究成功透過新生兒血液篩檢此症,並建立篩檢流程與篩檢方式,在新生兒出生後即透過腳跟採血驗代謝疾病同時,也可以加驗新生兒脊髓型肌肉萎縮症,預先找出潛在患者並予以投藥控制,此研究成果不但創全球首例,7月也登上國際一流小兒科醫學期刊 Journal of Pediatrics。台大醫院基因學部主治醫師簡穎秀指出,脊髓型肌肉萎縮症是遺傳疾病,發病率不分人種、世界各國都差不多,統計全球每50人中,就有1人帶有缺陷基因者(1/50),若父母雙方皆為帶因者,生出的孩子有1/4機率是潛在患者,推估新生兒每1萬人至2萬人中,即有1名是潛在患者。此症早被許多國際學者認定為新生兒篩檢的必要項目,但過去因為無藥物可治療,因此醫學倫理上無法進行篩檢,直到外國藥廠成功開發新藥,台大即著手開始研究,目前已建立篩檢流程與方式。她解釋,「非」脊髓型肌肉萎縮症基因帶因者基因表現為(AAAA)基因表現為(AaAa),如父母雙方皆帶因,則有1/4率生出aa的孩子,即潛在患嬰,再透過其他基因的表現,可以預測潛在患嬰發病的嚴重度及時程;依照嚴重度不同,有些輕症患者會到成年之後才出現症狀,嚴重者則會出生12個月、甚至12周之內就有症狀,患嬰表現多為突然四肢無力、不會踢腳、甚至演變成呼吸無力,吞嚥困難,很多人活不過1歲。目前並無國內因此症死亡的患嬰統計資料。一旦能透過血液篩檢掌握aa潛在患者,即能透過新藥或營養補充方式予以控制;台大已進行12萬名新生兒篩檢,找出8名患嬰,其中1名在出生後即出現嚴重呼吸困難無法救治,其他7名出生無症狀的患嬰中,有2名在即將發病時就接受治療。目前這項篩檢是與其他代謝疾病篩檢一樣,出生後由腳跟採血檢驗,費用由篩檢中心負擔,但新藥國內尚未核准上市,只能參加臨床實驗接受治療。台大領先全球的研究成果,也受到國際矚目,目前已有日本、美國團隊追隨台端的團隊進行先驅篩檢。

Presymptomatic Diagnosis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Through Newborn Screening

Objective To demonstrate the feasibility of presymptomatic diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) through newborn screening (NBS). Study design We performed a screening trial to assess all newborns who underwent routine newborn metabolic screening at the National Taiwan University Hospital newborn screening center between November 2014 and September 2016. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) genotyping assay for the SMN1/SMN2 intron 7 c.888+100A/G polymorphism was performed to detect homozygous SMN1 deletion using dried blood spot (DBS) samples. Then the exon 7 c.840C>T mutation and SMN2 copy number were determined by both droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using the original screening DBS and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) using a whole blood sample. Results Of the 120 267 newborns, 15 tested positive according to the RT-PCR assay. The DBS ddPCR assay excluded 8 false-positives, and the other 7 patients were confirmed by the MLPA assay. Inclusion of the second-tier DBS ddPCR screening assay resulted in a positive prediction value of 100%. The incidence of SMA was 1 in 17 181 (95% CI, 1 in 8323 to 1 in 35 468). Two of the 3 patients with 2 copies of SMN2 and all 4 patients with 3 or 4 copies of SMN2 were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Five of the 8 false-positives were caused by intragenic recombination between SMN1 and SMN2. Conclusion Newborn screening can detect patients affected by SMA before symptom onset and enable early therapeutic intervention. A combination of a RT-PCR and a second-tier ddPCR can accurately diagnose SMA from DBS samples with no false-positives. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02123186.

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