藥害救濟前三名 學者:服安樂普利諾先測基因【聯合報╱記者修瑞瑩/台南報導】 2013.07.01 03:55 am用來治療痛風與高尿酸的常用藥安樂普利諾,少數患者服用後會產生嚴重副作用、甚至死亡,近年都名列國內藥害救濟前三名,中研院研究發現與台灣人基因中的HLA-B5801有關,未來服藥前先做基因檢測,可防憾事發生。中央研究院生物醫學科學研究所副所長沈志陽表示,過去就認為服用安樂普利諾,引發致死率高的史帝文生氏強生症候群,可能與基因有關,中研院蒐集兩千名病例,初步確定,服用該藥會產生史帝文生症的患者,都有HLA-B5801基因。回溯試驗中,讓沒有該基因的患者服用安樂普利諾,已兩個月都沒有患者有史帝文生症,沈志陽表示,初步看來兩者確實有因果關係,將繼續蒐集個案,結果會提供給國內醫界及健保局參考,未來有希望比照目前使用抗癲癇藥物癲通的情況,在服用前由健保給付先進行基因檢測。他表示,兩年前也是由中研院研究發現,帶有基因HLA-B5021的患者,服用癲通會引發史帝文生症,促成健保局給付基因檢測費用,而服用安樂普利諾的患者比起癲通多更多。成大風溼免疫科醫師翁孟玉表示,安樂普利諾常用於治療痛風與高尿酸患者,少數患者會發生史帝文生症,出現皮膚潰爛、失明、洗腎等症狀,嚴重者更會死亡,死亡率約10至50%,臨床上醫師給藥之前會排除有過敏病史及腎功能差的病患服用此藥,但這種篩檢並不準確,近年因服用安樂普利諾造成藥害的個案都排行前三名。沈志陽表示,台灣人約有15%帶有基因HLA-B5801,世界各國中只有大陸長江以南、台灣及東南亞的人帶有此基因的比率較高,可能與當年鄭和下西洋造成人種的散播有關,而台灣人會發生史帝文生症的比率應小於千分之一。帶有此基因者,藥物會黏附在細胞上,造成自體免疫系統的錯亂,轉而攻擊自身的細胞,引發史帝文生症。 【2013/07/01 聯合報】
Allopurinol is one of the drugs commonly known to cause Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TENS), two life-threatening dermatological conditions. More common is a less-serious rash that leads to discontinuing this drug. Studies have found HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions that include Steven Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrosis caused by allopurinol. More rarely, allopurinol can also result in the depression of bone marrow elements, leading to cytopenias, as well as aplastic anemia. Moreover, allopurinol can also cause peripheral neuritis in some patients, although this is a rare side effect. Another side effect of allopurinol is interstitial nephritis. It is suspected to cause congenital malformations when used during pregnancy, and should be avoided whenever possible by women trying to conceive.
世基5801檢測套組 世基5801檢測套組是用來快速檢測是否帶有HLA-B*5801基因,HLA-B*5801基因被發現對於因異嘌呤醇(Allopurinol)藥物而引起SCAR(Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: 嚴重的皮膚不良反應,包括史蒂芬強生症候群(Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, SJS)及毒性表皮壞死鬆懈症(Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, TEN)有很高的關聯性。