Wednesday, February 8, 2017

(動物實驗) 失聰治癒! AAV (Anc80L65) 基因療法 解決 sher syndrome type IC (USH1C) 尤塞氏綜合症


美研究:基因療法治癒失聰老鼠 聽力恢復後能聽細至耳語聲量 撰文: 高紫恩 發佈日期: 2017-02-08美國研究人員成功利用基因療法,令患上先天性失聰疾病的老鼠恢復聽力,即使是輕聲的耳語都能聽到。研究人員稱實驗取得空前成功,相似的治療方法或可用於人類。對於患上尤塞氏綜合症的病人,助聴器的幫助不大。研究報告於期刊《自然生物技術》(Nature Biotechnology)發表,波士頓兒童醫院(Boston Children's Hospital)的研究人員霍爾特(Jeffrey Holt)指實驗中採用的基因療法,成功讓患上先天性失聰的老鼠聽到聲量輕細的耳語,聽力提升的程度前所未見。在失聰的成因中,約半數是由於基因異變,實驗中的老鼠患上尤塞氏綜合症(Usher Syndrome),即是耳朵內的耳絨毛細胞基因出現異變,令細胞就失去無法把聲波轉化為腦部可閱讀訊號,造成失聰。在健康的耳朵中,絨毛細胞會形成排列整齊的V字形,尤塞氏綜合症病人的絨毛細胞則不整齊地排列。

絨毛細胞把聲音轉化成訊號 患病者與一般人的耳朵分別在於內耳的絨毛細胞。在健康的耳朵中,外耳會增強所接受到的聲波,而內耳的絨毛細胞則會把聲音轉化成訊號,經聽覺神經傳至大腦。正常的絨毛細胞會形成排列整齊的V字形。不過,患上尤塞氏綜合症病人的絨毛細胞則不整齊地排列,嚴重影響聽力。研究人員研發到一種人造的病毒能重建絨毛細胞治癒失聰病人實驗取得成功,痊癒的老鼠更可聽到細聲至25分貝的聲音,相等於耳語的音量。領導研究的人員Gwenaelle  Geleoc指「我對聽力大大恢復的程度十分驚訝,對於是次發現感到高興。」目前有約一百種基因異變導致失聰,每一種異變均需不同的治療方法,霍爾特指「我們對於內耳有基本的認識,將來我們便要把目前得知的應用於病人身上。」不過,現時仍未知實驗中應用的病毒是否安全。研究人員亦在尋找治療的最佳時機,他們曾嘗試在老鼠出生後,便開始療程,不過卻在十日後宣告失敗,研究失聰疾病的非牟利組織Action on Hearing Loss研究主席霍姆(Ralph Holme)的指在新生時,嬰兒的耳朵比老鼠的發展更成熟,即使在嬰兒出生治療,亦可能太遲。

Gene therapy restores auditory and vestibular function in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1c  Nature Biotechnology (2017) doi:10.1038/nbt.3801. Received 27 May 2016 Accepted 23 January 2017 Published online 06 February 2017. Because there are currently no biological treatments for hearing loss, we sought to advance gene therapy approaches to treat genetic deafness. We focused on Usher syndrome, a devastating genetic disorder that causes blindness, balance disorders and profound deafness, and studied a knock-in mouse model, Ush1c c.216G>A, for Usher syndrome type IC (USH1C). As restoration of complex auditory and balance function is likely to require gene delivery systems that target auditory and vestibular sensory cells with high efficiency, we delivered wild-type Ush1c into the inner ear of Ush1c c.216G>A mice using a synthetic adeno-associated viral vector, Anc80L65, shown to transduce 80–90% of sensory hair cells. We demonstrate recovery of gene and protein expression, restoration of sensory cell function, rescue of complex auditory function and recovery of hearing and balance behavior to near wild-type levels. The data represent unprecedented recovery of inner ear function and suggest that biological therapies to treat deafness may be suitable for translation to humans with genetic inner ear disorders.

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