Thursday, August 6, 2015

台大 鄧述諄 發表抗telomerase(端粒酶)新機轉關聯 (PP2A/ Aurora/ Cdc13)

台大醫學團隊新發現:找到癌細胞退場機制! 20150805 19:14 湯雅雯 台大醫學院微生物研究所教授鄧述諄發表「染色體末端複製的分子機制」,去年底曾登上《自然通訊》(Nature Communications)期刊。(取自台大官網) 科技部今天舉辦記者會,找來台大醫學院微生物研究所教授鄧述諄發表「染色體末端複製的分子機制」,促進了解癌症及老化的原因。他所領導的團隊,以酵母菌為實驗對象,找出細胞複製的「退場機制」,未來可望進一步應用於阻斷癌細胞增生及對抗老化。研究成果去年底登上《自然通訊》(Nature Communications)期刊。鄧述諄指出,「端粒 telomere)」為染色體的末端,一般人體細胞複製時,「端粒」就會延長,以維持染色體正常功能,一直到細胞複製結束。過去團隊過去發現端粒上的結合蛋白Cdc13經磷酸化後,會把「端粒酶(telomerase)」抓過來以啟動活化機制,開始一連串的合成、複製反應。鄧述諄笑稱,學界常把「端粒酶」視為「長生不老酵素」,因為它可協助幹細胞或生殖細胞複製,確保人體組織修復及重生,不致太早衰敗。但端粒酶如果像人類一樣「超時工作」,可能就會表現過於活耀,導致不斷複製的情形發生,這時候就需要一個「退場機制」,告訴細胞該休息了。他說,癌細胞如果因「端粒酶 telomerase)」的表現過於活躍,導致癌細胞不正常增生易引發癌症,一直是生醫界探討的難題;過去12年,研究團隊以酵母菌為研究對象,另配合質譜儀觀察,發現細胞在染色體複製結束、準備分裂時,「去磷酸化酶PP2A」和「磷酸激酶Aurora」會跑出來抑制癌細胞端粒的複製,知道何時該「踩煞車」,有助未來研發調控藥物,對症下藥,讓人類遠離癌症及老化。(中時即時)

PP2A and Aurora differentially modify Cdc13 to promote telomerase release from telomeres at G2/M phase. Nat Commun. 2014 Nov 12;5:5312. In yeast, the initiation of telomere replication at the late S phase involves in combined actions of kinases on Cdc13, the telomere binding protein. Cdc13 recruits telomerase to telomeres through its interaction with Est1, a component of telomerase. However, how cells terminate the function of telomerase at G2/M is still elusive. Here we show that the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunit Pph22 and the yeast Aurora kinase homologue Ipl1 coordinately inhibit telomerase at G2/M by dephosphorylating and phosphorylating the telomerase recruitment domain of Cdc13, respectively. While Pph22 removes Tel1/Mec1-mediated Cdc13 phosphorylation to reduce Cdc13-Est1 interaction, Ipl1-dependent Cdc13 phosphorylation elicits dissociation of Est1-TLC1, the template RNA component of telomerase. Failure of these regulations prevents telomerase from departing telomeres, causing perturbed telomere lengthening and prolonged M phase. Together our results demonstrate that differential and additive actions of PP2A and Aurora on Cdc13 limit telomerase action by removing active telomerase from telomeres at G2/M phase.

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